Microsoft's MAI-DxO diagnostic orchestrator scores 83% vs 36% for doctors in Science paper

Microsoft AI says its diagnostic system MAI-DxO, published in Science, reached 83% diagnostic accuracy on 304 complex New England Journal of Medicine cases, while physicians scored 22% without external references and 36% with them. On more typical emergency-department cases from MIMIC-IV-ED, Microsoft says MAI-DxO reached 80% accuracy versus 47% for physicians. Rather than one model answering at once, MAI-DxO coordinates a panel of virtual physicians over several rounds, choosing questions and tests and weighing cost; Microsoft says one cost-focused setup kept 81% accuracy at less than half the cost of comparative systems. It is open-sourcing SDBench for select NEJM cases so others can reproduce the evaluation, and it plans prospective testing with Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. These figures are from Microsoft's paper.